Abstract A defect in a material is one of the most important concerns when it comes to modifying and tuning the properties and phenomena of materials. The speaker will review his study of defects over the course of his professional career, reflecting on his journey through the history of this research as he prepares to retire from the university where he has worked for more than 30 years. The review will include the study of intrinsic and extrinsic defects since the defects can be introduced in various ways, either intrinsically or extrinsically.   The journey began with the study of ferroelectric oxides applied to non-volatile ferroelectric memories 35 years ago, when one of the reliabilities for the realization of ferroelectric memories was a critical issue. The defect intensively coined at the reliability issue was an oxygen vacancy, which is a fundamental and intrinsic defect. The oxygen deficiency inevitably occurs in oxides greatly affects fatigue and imprint reliability. The fatigue had been resolved by the use of oxide electrode, either doped layered perovskite ferroelectrics. The study on the oxygen vacancy defects continued on low d-electron occupancy perovskites among transition metal oxides and rare-earth fluorite oxides in the f-electron system. The first-principles calculations suggested that oxygen vacancies tended to cluster along a specific direction, i.e., 001 direction in SrTiO3, followed by experimental validation. Ferromagnetism evolved from heavily oxygen-deficient CeO2, known for its role as an oxygen reservoir. Oxygen vacancy engineering was also used to induce two-phase coexistence with different transition temperatures to mimic the two-phase coexistence during the first-order phase transition. From oxygen vacancy engineering, the isostructural metal-insulator transition of VO2 was predicted and validated while structural and electronic transitions were known to be coupled in the transition. Initiated by the oxygen vacancy clustering along the specific direction, the defect study was extended to the geometrical aspect of defect distribution and location at the atomic scale. The control of extrinsic defect distribution led to considering materials dimensionality in fractional number, whereas materials dimensionality used to be defined by integral number, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3D. Theoretical and experimental studies revealed that the geometrical control of defect distribution (La doped SrTiO3), namely geometrical doping, led to a wide span of material states from a highly symmetric charge fluid to a charge disproportionated insulating state. Geometrical doping is added as another axis to the fundamental parameters of chemical doping, such as the amount and type of defect. The formation energy of oxygen vacancies was studied by machine learning (ML), since the oxygen vacancy is an intrinsic defect and the tendency of oxygen vacancy formation is an important concern from a material state to device performance. The formation energy of oxygen vacancies was predicted for more than 30,000 oxides available in the periodic table using an ensemble ML model, which is the last study of the defect in this journey at Sunkyunkwan University.   About the Speaker Prof. Jaichan LEE earned his PhD in Ceramic Science and Engineering from Rutgers University, USA, in 1993. He obtained his MS in Materials Science and Engineering from KAIST, Korea, in 1985, and his BS in Metallurgical Engineering from Seoul National University, Korea, in 1983. Prof. Lee is a Professor in the Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering at Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) since 1995. From 1993 to 1994, he served as a Postdoctoral Member of Technical Staff at Bell Communications Research in the USA. Prior to his current role, he worked as a Member of Technical Staff at Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology from 1987 to 1989, and at Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co. from 1985 to 1987. Prof. Lee’s significant contributions to the field have been recognized through various awards and honors, including the Success Award in Engineering from SKKU in 2019, and serving as President of The Korean Dielectrics Society from 2019 to 2021. He has also chaired the Ferroelectrics/Dielectrics Symposium from 2007 to 2021 and the 10th and 11th Korea-Japan Conference on Ferroelectrics from 2012 to 2016.    For Attendees' Attention Seating is on a first come, first served basis.

Abstract In this lecture, the speaker will introduce their recent studies on the development of innovative organometallic complexes and catalysts aimed at realizing unprecedented chemical transformations and advancing functional polymer synthesis. Representative achievements include the creation of novel self-healing polymers through sequence-controlled olefin copolymerization enabled by organo rare-earth catalysts; regio- and stereoselective C–H functionalization by tuning the ligand/metal combination of rare-earth catalysts; and the activation and functionalization of dinitrogen (N2) by well-defined multimetallic titanium hydride complexes. These studies highlight the pivotal role of catalyst design in modern chemical synthesis. Looking ahead, further exploring the potential of organometallic complexes and catalysts in a wide range of chemical transformations will continue to drive new advances in synthetic methodology and functional polymer synthesis, laying the foundation of next-generation technologies for a sustainable society.   About the Speaker Prof. HOU Zhaomin received his PhD from Kyushu University in 1989. After completing postdoctoral studies in RIKEN, Wako and the University of Windsor, he joined RIKEN as a Research Scientist in 1993. He is currently the Chief Scientist and Director of the Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory at the RIKEN Pioneering Research Institute, as well as the Group Director of the Advanced Catalysis Research Group and Deputy Director of the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science. Prof. Hou's research interests cover broad areas of organometallic chemistry, which include the synthesis of new organometallic complexes having novel structures, the development of more efficient, selective catalysts for olefin polymerization and organic synthesis, and the activation and efficient utilization of small molecules. He has been serving as an Executive Editor of Journal of the American Chemical Society since 2021. Prof. Hou's honors and awards include the Honorary Fellow of Chinese Chemical Society (2025), the Honorary Member of the Chemical Society of Japan (2023), the Japan Academy Prize (2022), the Chemical Society of Japan Award (2019), Swiss Chemical Society Lectureship Award (2018), the Chinese Chemical Society Yaozeng Huang Award in Organometallic Chemistry (2014), the Award of the Society of Polymer Science, Japan (2012), the Rare-Earth Society of Japan Award (2009), the Commendation for Science and Technology by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (2008), the JSPS Prize (2007), and the Mitsui Chemicals Catalysis Science Award (2007).   For Attendees' Attention Seating is on a first come, first served basis.  

Abstract The induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against viruses requires the specific activation of human B cell receptors (BCRs) by viral epitopes. Following BCR activation, B cells can undergo germinal center–dependent and –independent pathways to generate both long-term and short-term epitope-specific memory responses. However, the regulation of B cell fate after BCR activation remains incompletely understood. Here, the speaker will report that a human isoform of PD-1, namely Δ42PD-1, plays a critical role in regulating B cell fate following BCR activation. While HIV-1 promotes B cell apoptosis via the epitope–BCR–Δ42PD-1 axis during chronic infection, SARS-CoV-2 does not appear to activate this pathway after breakthrough infections. This allows for more robust induction of bnAbs by engaging multiple highly conserved conformational “Jing” epitopes, as revealed by CryoEM analysis. “Jing” follows the Chinese philosophy: “unchanging principles are the best response to change”. Consequently, bnAbs are induced not only against a broad range of evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants but also against pan-sarbecoviruses, including SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as related pangolin-CoV and bat-CoV strains. These findings have important implications for understanding human B cell immunity and for the design of novel vaccines against pan-sarbecoviruses. About the Speaker Prof. CHEN Zhiwei received his PhD from the New York University School of Medicine in 1996 and, by 2002, had progressed from an NIH F32 Postdoctoral Fellow to Assistant Professor at the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center of The Rockefeller University. In 2007, he joined the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong (HKU) as an Associate Professor and Founding Director of the AIDS Institute. He is a former Chairman of the Hong Kong Society for Immunology and an Executive Committee Member of the China AIDS Vaccine Initiative. He also served as a Member of the Hong Kong Advisory Council on AIDS for the HKSAR Department of Health from 2008 to 2014. He is currently a Chair Professor of Immunology and Immunotherapy in the Department of Microbiology at HKU. He was conferred the Suen Chi-Sun Professorship in Clinical Science in 2024. Prof. Chen’s research focuses on AIDS, SARS and COVID-19 pathogenesis and immunotherapy, with an emphasis on the early events of viral infection. He pioneered the creation of HKU-patented platforms of technologies, including the PD1-based vaccine, the tandem anti-HIV-1 bi-specific antibody, and an anti-Δ42PD1 antibody drug for viral infection and cancer. Clarivate Analytics has ranked him among the top 1% of researchers worldwide by citations and a Highly Cited Researcher in 2022, 2023 and 2024. He has won numerous research grants as PI from, for example, NIH RO1, amfAR and the Gates Foundation among others. He also won the HKU Knowledge Exchange Excellence Award (2019), Outstanding Researcher Award (2021), Outstanding Research Student Supervisor Award (2021) and Faculty Outstanding Research Output Award (2023). For Attendees' Attention Seating is on a first come, first served basis.